American English language and art history educator. Fellow Royal Society Arts London; member Modern Language Association; Bachelor, New York University, 1948. Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia University, 1964. Master of Arts (honorary), Oxford University, 1975; Lecturer English Columbia University, New York City, 1955-1957, Hunter College, New York City, 1957. From lecturer to professor English City College of New York, 1959-1988. Professor history of art Graduate Center City University of New York, 1974-1988, professor emerita, 1988