1951-1955 research assistant on social aspects of town planning and urban development, University College, London; lectured in sociology, London School of Economics, 1956-1975 - with a year as a visiting teacher at Brown University, U.S.A. - and was also associated during these years with the Centre for Urban Studies at the University College, London; since 1975 he has been Professor of Sociological Studies at Sheffield University; he has researched and published mainly in the fields of contemporary class structure and of urban problems