PhD, University of Manchester, 1970. Adjunct Professor, National Centre for Research on Europe, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, 2008-. Emeritus Fellow, 2004-; Senior Tutor and Fellow, 2002-2004; Nuffield Professor of Comparative European Government, 1998-2002, Nuffield College, Oxford, UK. Professor of European Public Policy, University of Essex, 1995-1998. Professor of European Integration and Director of the European Public Policy Institute, University of Warwick, 1992-1995. Professor and Head of Department of Politics, University of Strathclyde, 1982-1992. Reader in Politics, 1980-1982; Senior Lecturer in Politics, 1974-1980; Lecturer in Politics, 1969-1974; Assistant Lecturer in Politics, 1966-1969, University of Keele