BA, Economics and Statistics, 1970; MBA, Finance, 1973; Ph.D., Finance and Economics, 1980; Associate Professor, Boston University, School of Management (1983-87); Prof., finance and economics, Grad. School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, UC-San Diego (1987-); visiting prof., Univ. of Tokyo (1991), Grad. School of Business-Harvard, Kennedy School of Government-Harvard (1994); Research Fellow des National Bureau of Economic Research, NY; Amerikan. Wirtschaftswissenschaftler