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Front Cover; Fluorine and Health; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Part I: Molecular Imaging; Chapter 1: Fluorine-18 Chemistry for Molecular Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography; 1. Introduction; 2. The radionuclide fluorine-18 and some general considerations concerning short-lived positron emitters; 2.1. The position of fluorine-18 among short-lived positron emitters for PET; 2.2. Design of radiotracers and radiopharmaceuticals labelled with a short-lived positron emitter: The case of fluorine-18
2.3. Challenges in radiochemistry with short- lived. positron emitters, including fluorine-182.4. Fluorine-18 production; 2.5. Methods of radiofluorination; 2.6. Early fluorine-18-labelled precursors; 3. Electrophilic radiofluorination; 3.1. Preparation of electrophilic fluorination reagents; 3.1.1. Molecular[18F]fluorine; 3.1.2. Trifluoromethyl [18F]hypofluorite; 3.1.3. Acetyl [18F]hypofluorite; 3.1.4. Perchloryl [18F]fluoride; 3.1.5. Xenon di[18F]fluoride; 3.1.6. 1-[18F]Fluoro-2-pyridone; 3.1.7. N-[18F]Fluoropyridinium triflate; 3.1.8. N-[18F]Fluoro-N-alkylsulphonamides
3.1.9. Bromo [18F]fluoride3.2. Fluorination of double-bond structures; 3.2.1. Fluorination of alkenes; 3.2.2. Fluorination of enol structures; 3.3. Fluorination of carbanions; 3.4. Fluorination of aromatic rings (other than via carbanions); 3.4.1. Fluorodehydrogenation; 3.4.2. Fluorodemetallation; 4. Nucleophilic radiofluorination; 4.1. Preparation of reactive [18F]fluoride anion; 4.2. Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution; 4.2.1. Basic principles; 4.2.2. Preparation of simple [18F]fluoroalkyl-type molecular building blocks and some applications
4.2.3. One-step synthesis of a radiopharmaceutical involving an aliphatic nucleophilic fluorination4.2.4. Multi-step synthesis of a radiopharmaceutical involving an aliphatic nucleophilic fluorination; 4.3. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution; 4.3.1. Homoaromatic series; 4.3.2. Heteroaromatic series; 5. Enzymatic carbon-[18f]fluorine bond formation; 6. The particular case of macromolecule labelling with fluorine-18; 6.1. Reagents for the fluorine-18 labelling of peptides and proteins; 6.2. Reagents for the fluorine-18 labelling of oligonucleotides; 7. Conclusion and perspectives; References
Note from the EditorsChapter 2: Application of 18F-PET Imaging for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease; 1. Introduction; 2. PET and SPECT imaging in AD; 2.1. Special features of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals; 2.2. Glucose metabolism and blood flow; 2.3. Serotonergic system; 2.4. Dopaminergic system; 2.5. Cholinergic system; 2.6. Histamine and benzodiazepine receptors; 2.7. Amyloid deposits; 3. Conclusions; References; Note from the Editors; Chapter 3: 18F-Labeled PET-T racers for Cardiological Imaging; 1. Molecular imaging of the myocardium; 1.1. Background
1.2. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG)
Initially the key-position of partially fluorinated low molecular weight compounds labelled either with the natural 19F-isotope for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or labelled with the radioactive [18F]-isotope for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is highlighte